Aasaaska Bankiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya wuxuu bilaabmay xilligii Maamulka Xurnimo gaarsiinta Talyaaniga (AFIS). Sannadkii 1950, waxaa magaalada Rooma lagu aasaasay Hay’adda Wareegga Lacagta Soomaaliyeed “Cassa per la Circolazione Monetaria della Somalia” (CCMS) si ay u soo saarto una maamusho lacagta. Waxay soo saartay lacagta Somalo 16-kii Luulyo 1950, iyadoo beddeshay lacagtii Talyaaniga ee Lira ee laga isticmaali jiray Soomaaliya taas oo hoos timaada Talyaaniga. Dhanka kale, Dhulkii Somaliya ee Ingiriisku maamuli jiray waxay adeegsan jireen lacagta Rubiga Hindiya ilaa 1951, kadibna waxay u wareegtay Shilinka Bariga Afrika.
Sannadkii 1954, waxaa la aasaasay Credito Somalo si loo bixiyo amaah loogu talagalay beeraha, xoolaha, iyo warshadaha, waxaana markii dambe la siiyay amaah $2 milyan oo doolar ah oo ka timid Maraykanka sannadkii 1959 si loo xoojiyo horumarka—taasoo calaamad u noqotay isbeddel weyn oo ku yimid qaab-dhismeedka maaliyadeed ee Soomaaliya. Ilaa 1959, CCMS waxay u guurtay Muqdisho, taasoo ahayd tallaabo muhiim ah oo loo qaaday madax-bannaani maaliyadeed ka hor xornimada buuxda.
Bankiga Qaranka Soomaaliyeed waxaa si rasmi ah loo aasaasay iyadoo la raacayo Xeer-Sharci Lambar 3, taariikhdiisuna ahayd 30-kii Juun 1960, hal maalin ka hor intii aysan Soomaaliya helin madax-bannaanideeda. Wuxuu noqday hay’ad muhiim ah oo astaan u ah dowladdii cusub ee madaxbannaan, isagoo la wareegay hawlihii CCMS, isla markaana muujinayay ka guurista nidaam dhaqaale oo gumeysi ku dhisnaa una gudbay nidaam diiradda saaraya madaxbannaanida qaran iyo is-maamulidda arrimaha dhaqaalaha.
Bankigu wuxuu mas’uul ka ahaa dejinta siyaasadda lacagta dalka, soo saarista lacagta, iyo kormeerka nidaamka bangiyada. Doorkani waa kuwo aad muhiim ugu ah xaqiijinta xasilloonida iyo kobaca dhaqaalaha ee Soomaaliya cusub ee madax-bannaan.
Hawlaha bankigu waxay si rasmi ah u bilaabmeen 4-tii Luulyo 1960, waxaana loo xilsaaray:
Aasaaska sharciyeed ee bankiga waxaa sii xoojiyay Xeer Lambar 2 oo la ansixiyay 13-kii Janaayo 1961, kaas oo xaqiijiyay madaxbannaanidiisa sharci iyo maamul.
Dhacdooyinka muhiimka ah ee muddadan waxaa ka mid ah:
Intii lagu jiray xilligan, bankigu wuxuu isku mar ahaa banki dhexe iyo banki ganacsi, isagoo lahaa waaxyo u xil saaran soo saarista lacagta iyo hawlaha bankiyada. Qaabkan laba-doorka ah wuxuu jiray ilaa sannadkii 1975.
Sannadkii 1975, Bankiga Qaranka Soomaaliyeed waxaa loo bixiyay Bankiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya (CBS). Isbeddelkan hay’adeed wuxuu ka tarjumayay u wareegid laga guurayo hawlo isku-dhafan loona guurayo waajibaad gaar ah oo banki dhexe.
Inkasta oo CBS uu sii waday kormeerka siyaasadda lacagta iyo hay’adaha maaliyadeed, haddana hawlihiisa waxaa si weyn u saameeyay xaaladaha dalka:
1970-meeyadii, intii uu talinayay Jeneraal Maxamed Siyaad Barre, dowladdu waxay hirgelisay hanti-wadaag cilmiyeed, iyadoo qarameeyay bankiyada, warshadaha, iyo beeraha. Inkasta oo siyaasadahaas loogu talagalay horumar, haddana waxay keeneen wax-soo-saar la’aan iyo hoos u dhac dhaqaale oo sii kordhaya.
1980-meeyadii, deyn dibadeed oo sii kordheysa iyo dhaqaale fadhiid ah oo daba dheeraaday ayaa ku qasbay Soomaaliya inay gasho barnaamijyada dib-u-habaynta qaab-dhismeedka ee IMF iyo Bankiga Adduunka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dib-u-habayntaas waxay la kulmeen diidmo gudaha ah iyo caqabado hirgelin la’aan, taasoo keentay natiijooyin kooban. Dhammaadkii 1980-meeyadii, bilowgii dagaalka sokeeye, burburka dhoofinta, xakameyn adag oo lacagta ah, iyo yaraanta ba’an ee badeecadaha aasaasiga ah ayaa dhaqaalaha geliyay xaalad qalalaase.
Xaaladdu way sii xumaatay, ugu dambeyntiina Janaayo 1991, burburkii dowladdii Soomaaliya ayaa sababay in la joojiyo hawlihii Bankiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya (CBS).
Ka dib burburkii dowladdii Soomaaliya ee 1991, Bankiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya (CBS), sida hay’ado badan oo qaran, waxaa istaagay shaqadiisii, waxaana nidaamka maaliyadeed ee dalka uu noqday mid aad u kala qaybsan. Laga bilaabo 2001, qaar ka mid ah shaqaalahii bankigii hore ee dhexe ayaa bilaabay dadaallo lagu ilaalinayo waajibaadka sharci ee CBS, lagu dhowrayo xusuusta hay’adeed, isla markaana lagu dhisayo aasaaska dib-u-soo-nooleyntiisa mustaqbalka.
Shakhsiyaad muhiim ah oo door weyn ka qaatay geeddi-socodkan waxaa ka mid ah:
Maxamed Maxamuud Ulusow (2001–2005): Waxaa la magacaabay intii lagu jiray marxaladdii hore ee Dowladda Ku-meelgaarka Qaranka (TNG), wuxuuna door muhiim ah ka qaatay ilaalinta aqoonsiga hay’adeed ee CBS. Wuxuu ka shaqeeyay dib-u-dhiska hawlaha aasaasiga ah ee bankiga iyo ilaalinta waajibaadkiisa sharci, isagoo xaqiijiyay sii jiritaankiisa xilli ay jireen burbur dowladeed iyo xasillooni darro muddo dheer socotay.
Bashiir Ciise Cali (2005–2010): Wuxuu hoggaamiyay CBS intii lagu jiray marxaladihii hore ee dib-u-dhiska hay’adaha. Inkasta oo ay jireen caqabado dhaqaale oo aad u culus iyo xaddidaadyo qaab-dhismeed, haddana wuxuu sii waday hawlo muhiim ah, oo ay ku jirto u adeegidda sidii wakiilka maaliyadeed ee Dowladda Federaalka Ku-meelgaarka, wuxuuna bilaabay wadahadallo dib-u-habayn ku wajahan oo lagu soo celinayo hantidii bankiga laguna soo nooleynayo doorkiisa ku aaddan soo kabashada dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya.
Bankiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya (CBS) waxaa si rasmi ah dib loogu aasaasay Xeerka Bankiga Dhexe ee 2012, taas oo dib u soo celisay doorkiisii ahaa hay’adda maamusha siyaasadda lacagta ee Soomaaliya. Tan iyo markaas, bankigu wuxuu hirgeliyay dib-u-habayn tartiib tartiib ah balse muhiim ah, oo lagu casriyeynayo hawlihiisa laguna waafajinayo heerarka caalamiga ah ee bankiyada dhexe. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isbeddellada soo noqnoqda ee hoggaanka ayaa caqabad ku noqday joogtaynta hay’adda. Tan iyo 2012, shan Guddoomiye ayaa hoggaamiyay bankiga:
Tan iyo 2020, CBS wuxuu qaaday dib-u-habayn ballaaran oo wax ka beddel ku sameeyay awooddiisa hay’adeed, qaab-dhismeedka sharciyeed, iyo kaabayaasha maaliyadeed. Horumarrada muhiimka ah ee muddadan waxaa ka mid ah:
Dib-u-habaynta Hay’adda: CBS waxaa loo habeeyay saddex qaybood oo siyaasadeed si loo kordhiyo waxtarka shaqada:
Xoojinta Maamulka: Waxaa la hirgeliyay nidaam go’aan qaadasho oo ku saleysan guddiyo, xakameyn gudaha oo adag, nidaam maareynta khatarta, iyo kor u qaadidda hawlaha kormeerka gudaha.
Dib-u-habayn Sharciyeed: Waxaa la dejiyay lana dhaqan geliyay xeerar muhiim ah, sharciyo, iyo tilmaamo warshadeed si loo taageero horumarinta suuqa iyo kormeerkiisa.
Ruqsad Siin iyo Kormeer: Waxaa la siiyay ruqsado bankiyada, shirkadaha xawilaadaha, iyo bixiyeyaasha adeegyada lacagta moobaylka, iyadoo lagu nidaamiyay hal qaab oo mideysan.
Daahfurnaanta Maaliyadeed: Waxaa la xoojiyay hufnaanta maaliyadeed iyadoo la adkeeyay xeerarka ka hortagga lacag-dhaqidda iyo maalgelinta argagixisada (AML/CFT) iyo fulintooda.
Horumarinta Kaabayaasha: Waxaa la hirgeliyay qaybo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah nidaamka lacag-bixinta qaranka sida RTGS, ACH, IBAN, SOMQR, iyo SIPS, si loo hagaajiyo wada-shaqeynta iyo hufnaanta bankiyada iyo bixiyeyaasha adeegyada lacag-bixinta.
Ballaarinta Hawlaha: CBS wuxuu kordhiyay joogitaankiisa isagoo ka sameeyay laamo gobollada Dowlad Goboleedyada si loo hagaajiyo adeegyada iyo kormeerka.
Daahfurnaanta Xogta iyo Warbixinta: Waxaa la bilaabay daabacaad joogto ah oo ku saabsan xisaabaadka qaranka iyo xogta dhaqaalaha, oo ay ku jiraan warbixinno rubucle iyo sanadle ah, si loo taageero go’aan qaadasho ku saleysan caddeymo.
As Somalia moved closer to independence, the Italian Federal Government, which was responsible for the administration of Southern Somalia at the time, established the “Cassa per la Circolazione Monetaria della Somalia (C.C.M.S.)” in 1949, headquartered in Rome, Italy. This institution began printing a national currency named “SOMALO,” which replaced the former “East African Shilling.”
The SOMALO currency was ratified through Legislative Decrees Lr. 15 and 16 issued on 16 May 1950. The central office of the monetary institution was transferred from Rome to Mogadishu on 6 April 1959, where it fully assumed the responsibilities and assets of the Mogadishu branch of Banca d’Italia.
After gaining independence, the Somali Government introduced a new national currency called the Somali Shilling. Its technical specifications were outlined in Presidential Decree Lr. 86 of 5 March 1962 and formally issued under Legislative Decree Lr. 2 of 5 June 1962. It officially entered into circulation throughout the country on 15 October 1962.
In 1968, the National Bank of Somalia replaced the earlier coinage in use since the 1950s with new designs, sizes, inscriptions, and metals. These coins were approved through Presidential Decrees Lr. 174 and 175 issued on 3 July 1968 and entered circulation on 4 November 1968. The previous coins were withdrawn by 31 December 1970.
As part of institutional reforms, Law Lr. 21 of 8 February 1975 officially renamed the “National Bank of Somalia” as the “Central Bank of Somalia.” This change also affected previously issued banknotes authorized under Presidential Decree Lr. 134 of 1974.
Newly printed banknotes bearing the updated name were authorized by Decree Lr. 74 of 6 December 1977 and enforced through Ministerial Decree Lr. 18 of 22 March 1978. These banknotes entered circulation nationwide starting 25 March 1978.
Referring to Somalia’s monetary laws, the Governor of the Central Bank submitted a request to issue new banknotes. The Supreme Revolutionary Council approved the issuance through Decree Lr. 67 of 30 December 1982.
Due to severe currency devaluation, the Central Bank of Somalia introduced a higher-value banknote of 500 Somali Shillings to reduce the volume of notes in circulation.
Facing rising printing costs of smaller denominations, the Somali Government decided to introduce a high-value note. While a joint letter was sent to the IMF on 3 June 1990, the 1,000 Shilling note was already in circulation by 15 May 1990, as stated in Ministry of Finance Decree Lr. 6 of 7 May 1990.
